​Awareness of how mother and father images live inside us is vital in being conscious of how they influence our current relationships.  Being cognizant of your parental complexes allows you to take back what you unconsciously project onto an intimate partner, a boss or other important relationships.
 
The parental complex is cluster of emotionally charged images, ideas, thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns originally associated with the parents. The activation of a complex is always marked by the presence of an intense emotion… like when your buttons were pushed!  We all have mother and father complexes, but they differ from person to person. The internalized imago of the parents comprises the individual’s experience of the personal parents as well as the culture and historical era in which we live.  James Hillman (2) reminds us not to confuse the mother complex with our real flesh-and-blood mother. It rather refers to the way in which our psyche has integrated the personal mother within the structure of the archetypal mother.  
 
At the core of any parental complex there is an archetypal image of the primordial parents residing in every psyche. “For instance, behind emotional associations with the personal mother (that is, the mother complex), there is the archetype of the mother— an age-old collective image spanning humanity’s experience of mothering, from nourishment and security (“positive” mother) to devouring possessiveness (“negative” mother). Similarly, behind the father complex there is the father archetype—all the experienced diversity of fathering down through the ages, from authoritarian to permissive and all shades between.” (3)
 
A parental complex can have enlivening and deadening features. A negative father or mother complex, for instance, may have been formed due to a father and/or mother who was physically or emotionally absent, self-absorbed, detached, disengaged from and disinterested in the child. A negative parental complex can manifest in self-doubt and/or idealization of others but may also include profound self-alienation which may manifest in self-hatred and/or dissociation.  

References:

1. Carl Jung, “Mind and Earth,” CW 10, par. 74.
2. https://thefeministwire.com/2011/08/resurrecting-the-great-mother/
3.  Sharp, D. (2001). Digesting Jung: Food for the journey. Toronto: Inner City Books. Chicago

 
Image Credit:

1.  'My Parents', David Hockney, 1977 / Tate
2. Cartoon by NICO ARMENTI. IllustrazioneAccademiaBARI.
3. Katie M. Berggren https://shop.kmberggren.com/
   

 
A post I wrote for @jungsouthernafrica

#jung #carljung #jungpsychology #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology 
#analyticalpsychology #consciousness #unconscious #archetypes #shadow #symbolism 
#complexes #complextheory #childhoodwounds #trauma #parentalcomplexes #parents #mothercomplex #fathercomplex #mother #father #relationships #projection
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Yggdrasil in Norse cosmology is an immense central sacred tree that sprang forth from the primordial void. The nine Norse worlds are organized around it. Asgard, the home of the gods is depicted in the highest branches, Midgard or Earth, where humans dwell, at the tree’s base, and Hell is underground amongst the tree’s roots. On the crown of the tree sits an eagle, which in other mythologies is equated with the Great Spirit. The great serpent Niðhǫggr, gnaws at the roots signifying the Cosmic tree’s mortality and need for protection.
 
As a symbol of the interconnectedness of all things, the Cosmic Tree is a common feature of religions/mythologies around the world. The nine Norse worlds are held together by Yggdrasil’s branches and roots, which connect the various parts of the cosmos to one another. Because of this, the continued existence of the cosmos depends on the health of Yggdrasil.
 
When the tree trembles, it signals the arrival of Ragnarok, the destruction of the universe. The death of Yggdrasil is equated to the death of the gods. According to historian Mircea Eliade (1), Ragnarök marks the end of a cosmic cycle. This cyclical destruction and creation of the world is demonstrated in the rise and fall of many great past civilizations. Myths of destructive floods have been reported in almost every mythology, depicting the power of natural disasters to bring an end to an epoch. The conjunction of planets Saturn and Jupiter at the recent December Solstice is believed mark the arrival of the Age of Aquarius, a new cosmic cycle. What lies ahead for us?
 
With its branches in the heavens and its roots in the underworld, the Cosmic Tree is central to the structure of the universe. In many spiritual traditions a tree rising through the center of the world was thought to act as a ladder or bridge, connecting heaven and Earth. It allows us to descend into the underworld or ascend into the heavens, both processes being equally important. Perhaps the cosmic tree can be seen as a symbol of the human psyche, possibly even of Jung’s archetype of the Self and wholeness. Jung said: “No tree, it is said, can grow to heaven unless its roots reach down to hell.” (2)
 
References:

1. Mircea Eliade, Myth & Reality
2. CW 9ii, PARA 78

 
Image credit: Pixels.com
 
#A post written for @jungsouthernafrica
​ #jung #carljung #jungpsychology #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology 
#analyticalpsychology #consciousness #unconscious #archetypes #shadow #symbolism
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​Why should mythology matter? Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell believed myths carry varied truths of the human experience. Perhaps we can learn from the past? Patterns repeat themselves across many different mythologies. Can we find a golden thread that makes sense to us, gives as meaning or as Campbell says has “resonance within our own innermost being and reality, so that we actually feel the rapture of being alive”. (2)
 
‘Mythologizing’ (1) according to Toby Johnson is the process of developing a belief system about the world and one’s place in it. It may include numinous experiences of the ‘Nature of the Universe’, whether we want to call it God, Great Spirit, The Mystery, Primal Energy, Sacred Emptiness or ‘The Great Secret’.
 
We are a world in desperate search of a new myth. It seems that the very fabric of our existence is unravelling - the impact of the deadly Covid19 pandemic, the racial and ecological crises, political and economic upheaval.  While threatening the survival of many, it is also pushing humanity to think differently about how we live together on Earth.
 
The current times may feel like a kind of Ragnarok - the end of the world (as we know it).  In Norse mythology, Ragnarok refers to the destruction of everything - including the gods - in a final battle with evil powers. This may be interpreted as the ordered universe (Creation) vanishing and Chaos (which has been held at bay) reigning. Some myths say this is the final end, but others hold that it heralds a rebirth! What can we hope for in our current circumstances?
 
Daniel McCoy writes “Yggdrasil, the great tree that holds the cosmos together, will tremble, and all the trees and even the mountains will fall to the ground. The chain that has been holding back the monstrous wolf Fenrir will snap, and the beast will run free. Jormungand, the mighty serpent who dwells at the bottom of the ocean and encircles the land, will rise from the depths, spilling the seas over all the earth as he makes landfall.” (3)
 
References:
(1) Toby Johnson, The Myth of the Great Secret, 1964
(2) Joseph Campbell, Power of Myth, 1988, p. 5
(3) Daniel McCoy, https://norse-mythology.org/tales/ragnarok/
 
Image credit: https://www.deviantart.com/rpgranty/art/Yggdrasil-at-Ragnarok-326816120
 
A post I wrote for @jungsouthernafrica 

​#jung #carljung #jungpsychology #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology 
#analyticalpsychology #consciousness #unconscious #archetypes #shadow #symbolism #mythology #norsemythology #vikings #vikingmythology #ragnarok #yggdrasil #fenrir #jormungand
#josephcampbell #patterns #creation #chaos #covid19 #meaning #natureoftheuniverse
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​People with a COMPETENCY CONFLICT STYLE, also known as the methodical style, respond to conflict by taking a problem-solving approach, focusing on objectivity, rationality, logic and reason. They have an unemotional approach, focusing "on the matter". They value cognitive efficiency, analysis and getting things done as opposed to what they see as ‘irrationality’ expressed in emotional reasoning.
 
Although efficiency is an effective problem-solving strategy, avoiding or denying emotions can have detrimental consequences. When people with a competent conflict style go into problem-solving mode they may come across as cold and lacking empathy, especially if others have an emotional responses to the situation.
 
The Competency pattern consists of Enneagram types 1, 3, and 5 and they all have different ways of relating to systems and rules.
 
Enneagram type 1’s place emphasis on being competent by being correct and sensible, calling on higher moral values and integrity.  They manage feelings by repression, channeling their feelings into activity. Enneagram type 1’s work within their belief systems, valuing moral law and ethical fairness. They want to follow the system and can get upset with those who don’t. They are especially dismissive of others if they transgress some deep ethical rule they may have about life or if others’ behaviour directly impacts them negatively.
 
Enneagram type 3’s place emphasis on competency by being efficient, effective and outstanding. They manage feelings by ignoring them and focusing on tasks and goals. Work ethics are very important to them. Enneagram type 3’s mainly want to resolve chaos smoothly without impacting their own or others’ opinions of them, as long as they come out looking good.  Enneagram 3’s have little patience for rules that may not suit them. 
 
Enneagram type 5’s place emphasis on having information and answers to everything, thereby demonstrating their competency. They manage feelings with  detached objectivity, staying cerebral. They value deep reflection, seek knowledge and strive for a complex understanding and higher perspective of the problem. They often move outside of the systems and group norms, working alone.
 
If competency is your dominant conflict style, remember that dealing with feelings, instead of denying or repressing them, increases our empathetic connection, helping to develop a better and deeper connection with others. People feel heard, seen and validated when their emotions are taken into consideration, especially the intense reactive conflict style types.
 
The Enneagram Conflict styles / Harmonics Patterns comprise a person’s defense or coping mechanism in response to stressful situations, whether faced with conflict, obstacles, difficulties or disappointment. It is an emotional regulation pattern for coping with unmet needs. 

People may have different patterns in different situations or contexts, whether at work or in interpersonal relationships.  Even if it is not their dominant response, other Enneagram types might be connected to a specific conflict style through the wings or the inner connecting lines and express themselves in this manner in specific triggering situations.
 
#Enneagram #personality #personalitypatterns #patterns #archetypes #ego #persona #shadow #consciousness #unconscious #motivation #assumptions #worldview #paradigm #selfawareness #innerobserver #observingself #innergrowth #pscyhological #emotion #conflict #conflictstyles #harmonics #selfregulate #stress #crisis #conflict #loss #disappointment

Shamanism is the path of direct revelation. Its purpose is to serve the highest good of humanity.  It is the practice of communicating with Spirit through Resonance. It operates on the understanding of the interconnectedness between all things within Nature/Cosmos and between the seen and unseen worlds (dimensions beyond the ordinary state of consciousness).
 
Why is there such a renewed interest in Shamanism? Current mythologies are losing their numinosity. They no longer serves as a guiding vision of life on Earth. Jungian analyst, Thomas Singer’s ask the question “What myth now?” (1). He writes that, at critical junctures in human history, competing mythologies would tear at the fabric of our existence until a new dominant myth emerges. The Andean Shamans, known as the Laika, believe we are living in the time of “The Great Upheaval”. 
Perhaps it is time to search for deeper answers rather than “being told” what the ‘truth’ is. For centuries, the great patriarchal religions believed they held the answers and tried to quash indigenous beliefs systems through a colonization of the minds of people.
 
Jerome Bernstein (2) describe the emerging paradigm of reciprocity which is in actual fact an ancient view and a basic tenet of all forms of Shamanism. He describes reciprocity as a psychic force which “is a deep spiritual knowing that all life is sacred and, given that tenet, that a healthy life force requires respect for all species and living in balance with all its forms.” He is not referring to an external belief, but a deep “knowing from within the self and between humans and non-human life forms.” This is what Thich Nhat Hanh calls “Interbeing” (3) and the polar opposite of what Charles Eisenstein (4) dubbed as the myth of separation causing havoc in our world.  
 
An underlying belief in all Shamanic approaches is that we are “Dreaming” our collective reality into being and that our perceptions of reality are a mirror of unconscious programs and beliefs. The Shaman believes that illness or adversity is a potential initiation into our deepest being and true healing is the awakening to a vision of our true spiritual nature beyond our programming.
 
The word “shaman” comes from the Evenki, a Siberian people.
In Russia, the Evenks are recognised as one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North.
 
A post I wrote for @jungsouthernafrica 
 
Image credit: Artist: ‘Shaman’ - Kolesnikov Sergey (2017)
https://www.russianpaintings.net/artists/artist_kolesnikov_sergey_246953/shaman_250001/
 
References
1) https://reinventinghome.org/what-myth-now/
2) Jerome Bernstein. (2020). The Cultural Complex and Addiction to Dominion -
Psychic Evolution Cannot Be Thwarted in Cultural Complexes and the Soul of America - Myth, Psyche, and Politics (Edited Thomas Singer). London: Routledge
3) https://www.garrisoninstitute.org/blog/insight-of-interbeing/
4) https://charleseisenstein.org/video/separation-vs-interbeing/
 
#jung #carljung #jungpsychology #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology 
#analyticalpsychology #unconscious #consciousness #archetypes #shadow #religiousinstinct #instincts #spirituality #religion #meaning #purpose #divine #god #gods #religio #spirit 
#shamanism #shamanicpath #directrelevation
#capetownliving #capetownlife #southernafrica

What is your conflict style?

People who are eternally cheerful and optimistic approach conflict with a POSITIVE OUTLOOK CONFLICT STYLE. They focus on happiness and positivity. They don’t sweat the small stuff, always looking at the best possible outcome and framing challenges into a broader context. In conflict situations, they bring our attention to what is right, how the problem may not be that bad or how there is a lesson in adversity.

People who use the positive outlook conflict style might minimize difficulties or downright deny that anything is wrong. In their avoidance of pain and over-focus of the positive emotions, they might not be in touch with their own negative emotions or those of other people.  This pattern is also known as the avoidant or escapists style - focusing on making the conflict go away or escaping the impact. People with this pattern tend to disengage themselves quickly from the problem situation. They might find it difficult to hear about other people’s unhappiness or suffering, especially if they play a role in it. They need to learn to acknowledge and face conflict.

Enneagram types 7, 9, and 2 all put emphasis on being positive, while avoiding acknowledging their negative reactions, especially if these are a shadow aspect for them.
 
Enneagram type 7s habitually focus on happiness by bringing an energetic, lively uplifting energy into any environment. They actively avoid negativity by making life fun, but in the process may create some chaos for momentum and distraction since they fear being stuck in boredom and the mundane.  
 
Enneagram types 9 maintain their tranquility throughout any ordeal, acting as a soothing, grounded presence for others and bringing a calmness into any environment. In their quest for harmony and peace, they avoid turbulence, big waves and disturbances. They are very conflict-avoidant.

Enneagram type 2s place emphasis on their own positive self-image and on maintaining a cheery disposition by focusing on the goodness in themselves and others, amplifying their lovable aspects. They tend to keep people close by being a good giving person, but may neglect their own needs in the process.
 
People with a Positive Outlook pattern need to be mindful that they tend to overlook the problem, sometimes even denying that it exists. They need to realize that sometimes it’s necessary and beneficial to face a problem (without putting a positive spin on it) and that their avoidance of problems and conflict may actually contribute to the problematic pattern.
 
If this is your pattern what would like to say to your partners/family/friends/work colleagues/bosses if you were free to say anything. How can you frame it in a direct, honest, non-violent, non-accusatory manner? 

How can you develop strategies that draw on the strengths of the competency and reactive patterns to help you with the best outcome? It is the combination of all three Conflict styles that gives us the freedom to respond in an optimal manner to conflict and difficulties. 
​
#Enneagram #personality #personalitypatterns #patterns #archetypes #ego #persona #shadow #consciousness #unconscious #motivation #assumptions #worldview #paradigm #selfawareness #innerobserver #observingself #innergrowth #pscyhological #emotion #conflict #conflictstyles #positiveoutlook #harmonics #selfregulate #stress #crisis #conflict #loss #disappointment

What is your conflict style?
​
The INTENSE REACTIVE CONFLICT STYLE’s response to conflict is direct and confrontational.  People with this pattern tend to react strongly and passionately when faced with disappointment, obstacles or difficulties. This conflict style is also called the Emotional Realness pattern, emphasizing honest expression of emotions.
​
Their manner of emotional self-regulation reflects a need for emotional mirroring. They expect, demand or provoke equally passionate responses from others. When constructive, everybody involved learn about each other’s positions and a resolution is reached that takes into account everyone’s needs.
 
People using this style may come across more strongly than intended which often leaves them feeling misunderstood, being seen by others as “too much” or “too intense”. They may need to learn to down-regulate and contain intense emotions. In some instances they may come across as aggressive and they need to be conscious of how their venting of frustrations can impact others.
 
The intense reactive conflict style of Harmonics Group consists of Enneagram types 4, 6, and 8.
 
Enneagram type 4’s may take a more withdrawn approach, sublimating their strong feelings into artistic expression. They might privately rage, but not externalize their frustrations immediately. In the meantime there is an amplification of their inner states, which may result in depression or a devastating outburst which feels alien to them. They may get stuck in the negative feelings/self-states and see the expression thereof as authenticity.
 
Enneagram type 6’s may react in outspoken combative, defensive lashing out, standing up for what they believe, drawing attention to anything that feels wrong or dangerous. Most often they may be more selective in their reaction, using the emotional release as a way of assessing people or situations, testing their loyalty and safety.
​
Enneagram type 8 reacts with aggressive force, with untethered anger and denial of vulnerability. They avoid being controlled and dominated by others and therefore become controlling and domineering in their need for independence/self-reliance. They often feel energized by conflict.
 
The Enneagram Conflict styles / Harmonics Patterns comprise a person’s defense or coping mechanism in response to stressful situations, whether faced with conflict, obstacles, difficulties or disappointment. It is an emotional regulation pattern for coping with unmet needs.
People may have different patterns in different situations or contexts, whether at work or in interpersonal relationships.
 
Even if it is not their dominant response, other Enneagram types might be connected to a specific conflict style through the wings or the inner connecting lines and express themselves in this manner in specific triggering situations. For example, the Enneagram 2, the considerate helper has internal connections (inner lines) to both the Enneagram 4 and 8. Consequently, the reactive conflict style may be a shadow aspect for them even though their main conflict style is Positive Outlook which I will be discussing next. 
 
#Enneagram #personality #personalitypatterns #patterns #archetypes #ego #persona #shadow #consciousness #unconscious #motivation #assumptions #worldview #paradigm #selfawareness #innerobserver #observingself #innergrowth #pscyhological #emotion #conflict #conflictstyles #harmonics #selfregulate #stress #crisis #conflict #loss #disappointment

 
What is your conflict style?
 
The Enneagram Harmonics Groups refers to a person’s dominant response to stressful situations, crisis and conflict.  It shows the underlying similarity in how certain clusters of Enneagram patterns emotionally self-regulate and cope with obstacles and difficulties.
 
People whose preferred style is COMPETANCY respond to conflict by going into a competent mode of functioning and taking an unemotional problem-solving approach. They tend to avoid experiencing any strong feelings, focusing on objectivity, rationality and logic. These patterns value efficiency as opposed to what they see as ‘irrationality’ expressed in emotional reasoning. Although efficiency is an effective problem-solving strategy, denying emotions can have detrimental consequences. They may also come across as cold and lacking empathy to others.
 
People whose preferred style is POSITIVE OUTLOOK respond to conflict by avoiding negativity. They avoid acknowledging their (and other’s) negative emotions and reactions. They focus on the positives and the best possible outcomes, on the silver lining within the dark cloud. They habitually look on the rosy side of things, “everything will be okay”. Their ability to reframe problems to put a positive spin on them may sometimes be necessary in certain situations. However, their focus on happiness and positivity can be used as avoidance of problems, causing problems to escalate.
 
People whose preferred style is INTENSE REACTIVENESS responds to conflict directly and emotionally. They express their reactions openly and in doing so, look for emotional mirroring, needing the other persons to match their emotional intensity.  People with this conflict style may get caught in a never-ending loop of expressing emotions, without coming to a solution. Under stress, they have a hard time containing their feelings and venting their frustrations can significantly negatively impact others. The Reactive conflict style is probably the least supported by the western world, which values rationality and emotional repression. They are in touch with their negative emotions but less so with their positive emotions.
Each Ennneagram type in a specific Harmonic group has its own variation of the general underlying pattern. Different patterns can manifest in different situations, for instance at work or within intimate relationships.

#Enneagram #personality #personalitypatterns #patterns #archetypes #ego #persona #shadow #consciousness #unconscious #motivation #assumptions #worldview #paradigm #selfawareness #innerobserver #observingself #innergrowth #pscyhological #emotion #conflict #conflictstyles #harmonics #selfregulate #stress #crisis #conflict #loss #disappointment

Jung regarded the ‘religious instinct’ as fundamental to our humanity. According to Jung, being human means having the capacity to reflect on one’s place in the greater scheme of things. Thus, wrestling with questions of meaning and purpose, often thought to belong in the religious or spiritual domain, has been part of our instinctual make-up across all cultures since the beginning of our existence.

Jung defined instincts as part of the “psychic regulatory system… determining human behavior…”(1) and he regarded religious instinct  as “the most important of the fundamental instincts…”(2), necessary for wholeness.  He understood instincts to be “the chief motivating forces of psychic events…”(1) 

So many people in our world today are experiencing an alienation from God and/or any form of spirituality which may lead to an inner emptiness and outer apathy - with people getting stuck in an attitude where nothing really matters, neither themselves, their existence nor what happens in the world around them.

Jung distinguishes between religious instinct and religion. The latter, which he refers to as ‘creed’, often manifests as dogma, codified views and customs. Jung regarded “… every religion (as) a spontaneous expression of a certain predominant psychological condition…” (3) Jung quoted Cicero’s De inventione rhetorica: “Religion is that which gives reverence and worship to some higher nature (which is called divine).”(4) He saw the religious instinct as  “… a peculiar attitude of mind which could be formulated in accordance with the original use of the word religio, which means a careful consideration and observation of certain dynamic factors that are conceived as “powers:” spirits, daemons, gods, laws, ideas, Ideals, or whatever name man has given to such factors in his world as he has found powerful, dangerous, or helpful enough to be taken into careful consideration, or grand, beautiful, and meaningful enough to be devoutly worshiped and loved….”(5)

References
(1)        CW 8 ¶233.
(2)        CW 10 ¶653
(3)        CW 11 ¶160
(4)        Ibid.  ¶9
(5)        Ibid. ¶8

Source:
https://jungiancenter.org/jung-on-the-instincts-and-the-religious-impulse/

Image credit: Johfra Bosschart, The Vision of Hermes Trismegistus (1972)

#jungsouthernafrica #jung #carljung #jungpsychology #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology 
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The process of ‘othering’ has allowed humans to treat Nature as a mere object instead of a living organism with its own organizing intelligence. Philosopher and author Charles Eisenstein refers to this as the myth of separation which underlies our modern civilization (1). He blames this dualistic view for setting people against each other, but also turning Nature into something we want to control, dominate and dissect. The age of enlightenment or reason, borne from the cultural and industrial revolutions, catapulted our consciousness into overvaluing of left-brain rational consciousness and moved us away from embodied awareness and resonance with all living things.

Carl Jung recognized that ‘We are Nature’ - that the natural world is important for the development of consciousness and wholeness (2). “He linked the loss of our mystical identity and the de-spiritualization of nature with the atrophy of our phylogenetic roots, or survival instincts, which have fallen back into the unconscious psyche.” (3) Jung stated that in the “civilization process, we have increasingly divided our consciousness from the deeper instinctive strata of the human psyche.” (4) Eisenstein’s myth of separation parallels Jung’s view of modern mans’ alienation from our two-million-year-old archaic original nature when we lived in a more participatory process with nature.
 
“African and other indigenous belief systems see the human psyche as whole and nondualistic, both containing and being embedded in relationships with others—people, ancestors, descendants, society, animals, nature, the cosmos as well as the spiritual and transpersonal realms. This fundamental interconnectedness between self and others, broadens the idea of what it means to be a human being—in contrast to the Western individualistic view. This holistic view is captured in the South African concept of Ubuntu, meaning a person is only a person through others, giving priority to the interdependence of relationships as an embodiment of our humanity. It is precisely this interconnected relationship with nature that many of us have lost.” (3)
 
Image credit: “Spiral Matrix’ - Sam Brown - https://www.fineartnewmexico.com/sam-brown
 
Sources:
(1) https://charleseisenstein.org/video/separation-vs-interbeing/
(2) Sabini, Meredith, ed. 2002. The Earth Has a Soul: The Nature Writings of C. G. Jung.
Berkeley: North Atlantic books.
(3) Denise Grobbelaar (2020) The White Lion as Symbol of the Archetype of the Self and the Cannibalization of the Self in Canned Hunting, Jung Journal, 14:2, 11-29,
DOI: 10.1080/19342039.2020.1742550Grobbelaar
(4) Jung, C. G., and Marie-Louise von Franz. 1964. Man and His Symbols. New York: Dell
Publishing Co. p. 36.

I post I wrote for @jungsouthernafrica
#jung #carljung  #jungianpsychology #depthpsychology #analyticalpsychology #unconscious #consciousness #archetypes #shadow #Other #Othering #nature #wearenature #earthhasasoul #ubuntu #objectification #separation #devaluation #objectification #subjugation #inclusive #capetown #capetownlife #capetownliving #southernafrica